Confounding by parental and socio-environmental factors such as maternal IQ, smoking during pregnancy, parental education, and quality of home environment constitutes a major issue in these studies, since this association may be reduced to a nonsignificant trend after statistical control for such variables ( 2). Similar content being viewed by othersīreastfeeding has been associated with better intellectual function in children in several epidemiological studies ( 1). Results are in agreement with recommendations for prolonged breastfeeding duration to promote child development. This study provides further evidence of a positive association of breastfeeding with cognitive function apart from socio-environmental factors, and also suggests a protective role against autistic traits. Results:Īfter adjustment for several confounders, longer duration of breastfeeding was independently associated with better cognitive development and with fewer autistic traits. Children ( N = 1,346 mean age = 4.9 y) were assessed using the McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities, Conners’ Kiddie Continuous Performance Test, criteria of the DSM-ADHD symptoms form list, and the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test. Duration of any, predominant, and exclusive breastfeeding was documented during infancy through maternal questionnaires. We examined the association between breastfeeding duration and cognitive development, attention, ADHD symptoms, and autistic traits using data from the INMA Project, a Spanish multicenter birth-cohort study, and taking into account the intensity of breastfeeding. By contrast, few studies have investigated the potential protective effects of breastfeeding against behavioral problems such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, and even fewer on autism spectrum disorders (ASD) traits. Several studies have related longer breastfeeding duration to better intellectual performance in children.
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